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The Political Spectrum:
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The Traditional Political Spectrum:
This spectrum is the traditional spectrum in the sense of political beliefs 
Theory Based Political Spectrum: Graphical Overview
Note: The second graph is intended to point out political relations and similarities on stances between political groups on the planks of (1.) Morality/Social Issues and (2.) Fiscal/Economic issues.  Notice the corners tend to be the extreme areas of a political stance.  The borders show areas of moderation and areas of similar (but not the same) political stances between groups.  While it could be argued that a communist/socialist group has similarities with other political beliefs, it should be noted that this graph depicts merely an observation of communism/socialism and its links to the far left.  Libertarianism is partially bordering liberalism only for certain aspects of moral beliefs.
* The area marked "Moderate" at the bottom right corner is sometimes referred to as "Populist" though it should be mentioned this distinction is not entirely accurate in other forms of the political spectrum.
 
 

The Distinction between Social/Moral and Fiscal/Economic Aspects of Political Ideology

    Political stances can be separated into essentially two major ideologies: (1.) Social/Moral and (2.) Fiscal/Economical (please note that to an extent these two categories are even paradoxical in regards to each other.  They also tend to fit together with regards to the opposing political beliefs of conservatism and liberalism in opposite to form other ideologies of libertarianism and certain aspects of the moderate stances).  Notice that this distinction between two categories does not cover all issues for there are many other distinct categories that could be derived (ie. equality in the sense of opportunity verses result.  This particular example associates with the fiscal/economic side but has its own clear distinction).  These two main categories apply to the examples below.
 
Fiscal/Economic Issues                                                                       Moral/Social Issues
Taxation                                                                                             Criminal Law
Business Regulation                                                                             Morality
Subsides                                                                                             Prison Policy
Price Controls                                                                                     Liberties and Rights
Government Spending Policy
Wealth Distribution (Welfare)
 
Political Belief Relations
* - Strict Policy in regards to an issue
* - Light Policy in regards to an issue

Conservative:
* Government control of the economy should be minimal. Equal opportunity and legal business practice should be guaranteed though. (Fiscal/Economic)
* Strong moral definitions should be held.  Strict criminal law and sentencing are necessary.  Freedom and rights cannot be compromised. A strong emphasis is placed on the individual (Moral/Social)

Libertarian:
** Government control of the economy should be minimal. (Fiscal/Economic)
* As long as actions do not harm others, they should be legal.  Freedom and rights cannot be compromised (Moral/Social)

Moderate:
- The moderate tends to stand with different groups on an issue to issue basis.  Some moderates have strong leanings in regards to certain ideologies in partial areas such as moral conservatism and economic liberalism.
 
Liberal:
* Strong government involvement and regulation of the economy. Redistribution of wealth and strict regulation of business by the government. (Fiscal/Economic)
* As long as actions do not harm others, they should be legal.  Loose Constitutional interpretation.  The society is emphasized. (Moral/Social)

Communist:
** Complete government involvement and regulation of the economy.  Redistribution of wealth is a key. The government owns, runs, and controls all business. (Fiscal/Economic)
* The ends justify the means.  All is done for the good of "society."  In practice traditional morals are replaced by loyalty to the government and what the communist party dictates.  Traditional Marxist ideas include dissolving the family unit.  Actions are done supposedly in the "interest of the people" by the government. (Moral/Social)

Other Resources:
Conservatism Defined
Liberalism Defined
Capitalism Defined
The Problems of Communism
Political Dictionary

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